.page {
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 8rem clamp(1.2rem, 4vw, 2.5rem) 4rem;
    flex: 1 0 auto;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.page.content-ready {
    opacity: 1;
}

.page.lang-fade-target {
    transition: opacity var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease), transform var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease);
    will-change: opacity, transform;
}

.page.lang-fade-target.is-leaving {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(12px) scale(0.98);
}

.page.lang-fade-target.is-entering {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-12px) scale(0.98);
    transition: none;
}

.page.lang-fade-target.is-entering.is-arriving {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
    transition: opacity var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease), transform var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease);
}

.navbar.lang-fade-target {
    transition: opacity var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease), transform var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease);
    will-change: opacity, transform;
}

.navbar.lang-fade-target.is-leaving {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(12px) scale(0.98);
}

.navbar.lang-fade-target.is-entering {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-12px) scale(0.98);
    transition: none;
}

.navbar.lang-fade-target.is-entering.is-arriving {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
    transition: opacity var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease), transform var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease);
}

.footer.lang-fade-target {
    transition: opacity var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease), transform var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease);
    will-change: opacity, transform;
}

.footer.lang-fade-target.is-leaving {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(12px) scale(0.98);
}

.footer.lang-fade-target.is-entering {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-12px) scale(0.98);
    transition: none;
}

.footer.lang-fade-target.is-entering.is-arriving {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
    transition: opacity var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease), transform var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease);
}

.fab-tools.lang-fade-target {
    transition: opacity var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease), transform var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease);
    will-change: opacity, transform;
}

.fab-tools.lang-fade-target.is-leaving {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(12px) scale(0.98);
}

.fab-tools.lang-fade-target.is-entering {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-12px) scale(0.98);
    transition: none;
}

.fab-tools.lang-fade-target.is-entering.is-arriving {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
    transition: opacity var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease), transform var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease);
}

.hero-card {
    position: relative;
    margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
    padding: 0;
    border: none;
    background: none;
    backdrop-filter: none;
}

.hero-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 1.5px;
    color: var(--primary);
    background: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.12);
    border: 1px solid rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.2);
    padding: 0.35rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.hero-card h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 3.5vw, 3rem);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: #fff;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    line-height: 1.15;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.hero-card h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 1.8vw, 1.8rem);
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    color: #fff;
}

.hero-card p {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    line-height: 1.8;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    max-width: 680px;
}

.hero-card::after {
    content: '';
    display: block;
    width: 60px;
    height: 3px;
    margin-top: 2rem;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary), var(--secondary));
    border-radius: 2px;
}

.hero-card .button-row ~ ::after,
.hero-card:has(.button-row)::after {
    display: none;
}

.card-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
}

.card {
    border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
    padding: 1.2rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    border-color: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.6);
}

.card h2 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    color: #fff;
}

.card p {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.button-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0.8rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.button,
.button-outline {
    display: inline-flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 10px;
    padding: 0.75rem 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: var(--transition);
    cursor: pointer;
    border: none;
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: inherit;
}

.button {
    background: var(--primary);
    color: #fff;
}

.button:hover {
    background: var(--primary-dark);
}

.button-outline {
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
    color: #fff;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
}

.button-outline:hover {
    border-color: var(--primary);
    background: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.2);
}

.single-action {
    margin-top: 1rem;
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.8rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.bottombar {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    text-align: center;
}

.bottombar a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.bottombar a:hover {
    color: var(--primary);
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .card-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .button-row {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }

    .hero-card h1 {
        font-size: 1.8rem;
    }

    .hero-card h2 {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
    }

    .card h2 {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    .card p,
    .hero-card p {
        font-size: 0.88rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 540px) {
    .page {
        padding: 6rem clamp(1rem, 4vw, 1.5rem) 2rem;
    }

    .button-row {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

.subpage-reveal {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(18px);
    transition: opacity 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1), transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
    transition-delay: var(--subpage-delay, 0ms);
}

.subpage-reveal.is-visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.page-entering {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(var(--fade-shift));
    transition: opacity var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease), transform var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease);
}

.page-entering.is-visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.page-leaving {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(calc(var(--fade-shift) * -1));
    transition: opacity var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease), transform var(--fade-duration) var(--fade-ease);
}

.card-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 180px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    position: relative;
}

.card-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.card:hover .card-image img {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.card-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.card-actions .button,
.card-actions .button-outline {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 120px;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0.6rem 0.8rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.card-note {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    background: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.1);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--primary);
    padding: 0.5rem 0.8rem;
    margin: 0.8rem 0;
    border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .card-image {
        height: 160px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .card-image {
        height: 140px;
    }
    .card-actions {
        flex-direction: column;
    }
    .card-actions .button,
    .card-actions .button-outline {
        min-width: 100%;
    }
}

/* ===== Bio Page Design ===== */

.hero-interactive {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.interactive-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: center;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.12), rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.06));
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.2);
}

.interactive-image {
    position: relative;
    border-radius: 14px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.interactive-image img {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}

.image-frame {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    border-radius: 14px;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.interactive-text h1 {
    font-size: 2.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--secondary));
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.interactive-desc {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.button-large {
    padding: 1rem 2rem;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    border-radius: 12px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.button-large::after {
    content: '→';
    font-weight: bold;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.button-large:hover::after {
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

.pcr-lab {
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
}

.section-header {
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.section-header h2 {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
    color: #fff;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.section-header p {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
    max-width: 620px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.pcr-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.pcr-result {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
}

.gel-display {
    position: relative;
}

.display-frame {
    background: #1a1f36;
    border-radius: 10px;
    padding: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    box-shadow: inset 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.display-frame img {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 6px;
    display: block;
}

.gel-caption {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
    padding: 0.8rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border-left: 3px solid var(--secondary);
    backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
    font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: #fff;
    text-align: left;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.pcr-docs {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.doc-card {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    border-radius: 14px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.doc-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    border-color: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.5);
    background: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.08);
}

.doc-icon {
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    background: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.18);
    border-radius: 12px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.doc-icon i {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    color: var(--primary);
}

.doc-content h3 {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    color: #fff;
}

.doc-content p {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
    line-height: 1.65;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.thesis-archive {
    margin-top: 4rem;
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
}

.thesis-featured {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.thesis-featured .thesis-card {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 300px 1fr;
    gap: 0;
    padding: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 16px;
}

.thesis-featured .thesis-image-wrap {
    position: relative;
    min-height: 280px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.thesis-featured .thesis-image-wrap img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
    transition: transform 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
}

.thesis-featured .thesis-card:hover .thesis-image-wrap img {
    transform: scale(1.06);
}

.thesis-featured .thesis-body {
    padding: 2rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.thesis-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.thesis-card {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    border-radius: 14px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.thesis-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.thesis-with-image {
    padding: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.thesis-with-image .thesis-image-wrap {
    position: relative;
    height: 180px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.thesis-with-image .thesis-image-wrap img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
    transition: transform 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
}

.thesis-with-image:hover .thesis-image-wrap img {
    transform: scale(1.06);
}

.thesis-with-image .thesis-body {
    padding: 1.5rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    flex: 1;
}

.thesis-published {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.12), rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.08));
    border-color: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.25);
}

.thesis-draft {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.thesis-draft::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(45deg, transparent 95%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 95%),
                linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent 95%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 95%);
    background-size: 20px 20px;
    opacity: 0.3;
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 0;
}

.thesis-draft .thesis-body {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.thesis-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.thesis-badge {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0.3rem 0.8rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.thesis-published .thesis-badge {
    background: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.18);
    color: var(--secondary);
    border: 1px solid rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.25);
}

.thesis-draft .thesis-badge {
    background: rgba(255, 193, 7, 0.18);
    color: #ffc107;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 193, 7, 0.25);
}

.thesis-date {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45);
    font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;
}

.thesis-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    color: #fff;
    line-height: 1.45;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.thesis-abstract {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 4;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
    flex: 1;
}

.thesis-actions {
    margin-top: auto;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .interactive-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }

    .interactive-image img {
        aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    }

    .pcr-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .thesis-featured .thesis-card {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .thesis-featured .thesis-image-wrap {
        min-height: 200px;
    }

    .thesis-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .interactive-content {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }

    .interactive-text h1 {
        font-size: 1.8rem;
    }

    .display-frame img {
        aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
    }

    .thesis-featured .thesis-card {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .thesis-featured .thesis-image-wrap {
        min-height: 180px;
    }

    .thesis-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .thesis-with-image .thesis-image-wrap {
        height: 160px;
    }

    .button-large {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

/* ===== Thanks Page ===== */

.thanks-section {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.thanks-group {
    padding: 1.5rem;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    border-radius: 14px;
}

.thanks-group h2 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    color: #fff;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.thanks-divider {
    height: 1px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.thanks-heading-solo {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.thanks-names {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.thanks-detail {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.thanks-sub {
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.thanks-sub:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.thanks-label {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary);
    background: rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.12);
    padding: 0.15rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
    vertical-align: baseline;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .thanks-group {
        padding: 1rem;
    }

    .thanks-names,
    .thanks-detail {
        font-size: 0.88rem;
    }
}